The number of unpaid carers has risen by 70% over the last decade, according to a new report, which warns England's social care system has been "neglected" and reached "breaking point".
There were 1.9 million people providing 35 hours or more a week of free care in 2023/24, up from 1.1 million in 2003/04, analysis by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF) found.
The analysis is included in a new report for the Institute of Public Policy Research (IPPR) thinktank.
It said there had been a 15% jump in people asking for some form of adult social care, but there has only been a 2.5% increase in those receiving it.
Working-age adults are among those increasingly needing care, the report added. Requests for support from those aged 16-64 have grown by 31.5 per cent, and there's been a nine per cent rise in requests from people aged 65 and over.
Unpaid care – whether by parents, spouses or adult children, and most frequently women – is relied on too heavily to fill in the gaps of the "inadequate and expensive" system.
Abby Jitendra, principal policy adviser at JRF, said: "Millions of us are carers or need care, and this number will surge in the future, but families are being left to navigate a neglected system – paying sky-high costs, sacrificing work to care, and too often going without the support they need.
"We need to build a care system that works like a public service: universal, affordable, reliable and fair. That means bold reform now – not another decade of drift."
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